Gas burners for boilers: design features

Gas burners for boilers: design features and operating principle

Gas burners for boilers provide fuel combustion to generate thermal energy. In fact, these products together with the heat exchanger are the main part of the unit running on gas. The simplicity of the design does not negate their versatility and functionality. It is very important to have an idea about the device of the boiler burner in order to choose the right heating equipment at the time of purchase.

Turbocharged burners have the highest efficiency and flexible temperature scheme

What is a gas burner and what does it consist of

Any device designed for burning liquid and gaseous fuels has a main unit – a burner. It is responsible for the formation of a uniform flame. The fuel mixture may be of different quality, but a well-thought-out method of fuel supply will ensure the complete combustion of any combustible mixture.

Atmospheric gas burners for boilers have a very simple design

The most important indicators of a high–quality gas combustion device are silent operation and the absence of the release of harmful compounds during the combustion of fuel, in particular carbon monoxide. A modern household gas burner for a heating boiler is a simple device that has undergone a long process of modernization. Some old designs produced in Soviet times made a lot of noise and were far from safe, especially in strong winds.

Many indicators, including the noise level, are influenced by the design features of the combustion chambers. In the new models of burners, much attention is paid to the convenience of ignition and uniform flame supply. The design features of a gas burner for room heating are very simple:

• gas ignition is provided by the ignition system;
• the gas ignites in the nozzle;
• automation is designed to control the main indicators: temperature, uniformity of gas distribution, emergency shutdown;
• the presence of fire is controlled by a special “flame sensor”.

The by-products of gas combustion must be removed from the room so that harmful impurities do not fill the space. To remove the gas, a chimney with a good draft is needed. This is the only drawback of gas heating. The device of the gas burner itself is constantly being improved, including the following indicators:

The noise level of the gas burner depends on the design of the combustion chamber

• heat generation schemes;
• rational oxygen supply;
• ways to remove soot and carbon dioxide.

Gas burners for boilers: basic requirements and operating scheme

The heat released during the combustion of gas is concentrated in the heat exchanger, from where it is transferred to the heat carrier. Together with a small amount of heat, part of the combustion products is discharged into the atmosphere. A chemical reaction of heat release occurs: at high temperature, the burning gas combines with oxygen coming from the air. The principle of operation of a gas burner is based on the combustion of gas and the release of heat. Water vapor and carbon dioxide are by–products of a chemical reaction associated with the production of heat.

Among the dangerous substances are nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and some resinous components. Because of this, special requirements are imposed on the hood and chimney – good traction is important.

According to modern requirements, in any mode, gas burners for heating boilers with automation (and other varieties) should be characterized by low toxicity. It is required that during gorenje only slightly toxic gases and a small amount of soot are released, which is a common condition for the use of most types of raw materials for heating.

A properly thought-out method of fuel supply will ensure its complete combustion

Basic requirements for a boiler burner:

• availability for self-installation;
• clear design scheme;
• long period of operation;
• reliability of operation;
• insignificant noise threshold;
• convenience of switching modes;
• the ability to work on another type of fuel;
• complete combustion of gas;
• high environmental indicators (few harmful gorenje products are released).

Useful advice! In order to extend the service life of the equipment, carrying out timely repairs of the gas burner for the boiler, it is important to purchase components only from trusted manufacturers.

As you know, a cheap product indicates a low quality of products and a short service life. Repair is often impossible, especially if there is no warranty period and a factory certificate. High-quality domestic gas burners for heating boilers are always available for sale. Their price is quite acceptable for most consumers.

The main types and classification of gas burners

For a long period, there was no particular abundance of this type of product on sale. The simplest boilers, titans and gas columns were in short supply. The appearance of a gas burner for a boiler with automation was regarded as something fantastic. But these devices also needed ventilation with a full-fledged chimney. Currently, even mobile infrared gas-powered picnic burners are offered.

According to modern requirements, gas burners for heating boilers should be characterized by low toxicity

Modern fuel units are very diverse. Their advantage is the almost complete combustion of fuel and the absence of toxic impurities during operation in closed conditions.

Traditional heating equipment is characterized by constructive variability:

• atmospheric boilers;
• universal;
• low temperature;
• turbocharged;
• fan;
• injection;
• gas burners with piezo ignition.

Devices made with their own hands are also far from uncommon. Homemade gas burners can be assembled using drawings, diagrams and sketches of masters containing detailed descriptions, as well as watching videos.

Boilers have different types of flame ignition – by means of a piezo igniter and by means of a spark when the electronics are triggered.

The advantage of modern gas burners is almost complete combustion of fuel

This is important! Piezo ignition is a single ignition, after which the flame is maintained in working mode as long as there is a gas supply. This device should not be confused with burners for a gas stove (nozzle with divider) and a grill.

Electronic ignition must be triggered during the start of the supply valve: the gas is ignited by an electrostatic spark. This option is considered the most economical and reliable, but in case of power outages, the boiler often stands idle (if there is no alternative way to ensure its inclusion).

Gas burner with piezo ignition and other ways to maintain the flame

The variety of burners is determined by a number of features, including the method of air injection and the design features of the furnace itself, which can be:

• open (air comes from a heated room, supply ventilation is needed, combustion products are discharged into the chimney);
• closed type.

Finding that the ignition does not work, first of all you need to check its connection to the power grid

Low-temperature gas burners (atmospheric) are mainly used in open furnaces. They are distinguished by a simple device and a well-established principle of operation. The gas supply to the wick is carried out by means of an ejector. In this case, the air comes directly from the boiler room where the heating equipment is installed. During ignition, low-temperature flames of small size are visible.

This type of gas burners for furnaces and boilers is characterized by low noise, accessibility and versatility. Such a device can be adapted for combined-fuel furnaces, modern profile equipment and primitive old-style boilers.

The principle of operation of a gas burner with piezo ignition is quite simple, especially if the parameters of the heating circuit are set. The sensor detects a decrease in temperature, the stop valve and ignition are triggered. The blue fuel entering the burner ignites, releasing heat.

Flame control in gas equipment occurs in different ways. In some units, everything looks very primitive, while others are equipped with electronics. Sometimes complex schemes are used even when upgrading old equipment using a gas burner for a boiler with their own hands.

Gas burners for heating boilers can be of different capacities and sizes

Attention! If this is an inexpensive burner, then, in all likelihood, it includes the simplest thermoelement, which will require an early replacement.

Advanced boilers with “smart” options are equipped with an ionization controller sensitive to changes. This ensures that the gas is blocked if the flame goes out and there is not enough oxygen for gorenje process (fuel runs out).

Electronics also reacts to the increased concentration of impurities in the blue fuel itself and the by-product of combustion. The gas will be cut off (this is thought out in the SABC gas burner), and the ventilation will start working at full capacity.

Useful advice! Before cleaning the burner of a gas boiler, it is important to understand its device by studying the technical documentation containing the description of the operation. Each type of product has its own design differences.

Unstable flame in a gas burner is a sign that you need to call a specialist

Burners for atmospheric type boilers and manual gas burners

Work due to the influx of oxygen naturally gives a full-fledged combustion of fuel, the removal of combustion products is carried out through a conventional chimney. The operation of the equipment has been simplified with the use of atmospheric-type devices and special nozzles of gas burners.

Attention! The only condition for the device to work on oxygen taken from a heated room is excellent supply ventilation.

Important advantages of boilers with atmospheric type gas burners:

• independence from power sources, which is important when working in rooms without electricity;
• high reliability (no complicated components requiring frequent repairs);
• low noise threshold;
• constructive simplicity;
• affordable price.

Important! Information for those who are interested in how much a gas burner of the simplest sample costs – its price starts from 250 rubles. And the cost of the ugop-P-16 “Ugolek” gas burner, for example, is approximately 1000 rubles.

A manual gas burner with a balloon is popular with people performing repairs

The disadvantages of atmospheric aggregates include:

• the need for a full-fledged chimney that takes out smoke and fuel suspension;
• relatively low efficiency (compared to upgraded samples);
• the probability of incomplete combustion of fuel with a lack of oxygen;
• the difficulty of adapting to other heat sources;
• the need to install supply ventilation or a small window.

Useful information! Burners with ignition from electronics assume a high-voltage converter operating from the mains. This is how they differ from such simple devices as manual gas burners.

Use of ejector burners in ready-made and converted boilers

A combined boiler with a ceramic gas burner justifies the costs with its versatility, although it is considered an expensive option. Far from budget equipment has a lot of advantages, including autonomous furnaces:

Related article:

Gas boilers for heating a private house: how to select and install

Types of boilers. Varieties of gas boilers, their features, replacement and installation. Top 10 gas boilers.

• for solid fuel;
• with a gas burner.

A ceramic gas burner has a number of advantages over an ejector

With such equipment, you can easily switch to coal and firewood, and usefully dispose of any organic matter. This is a good opportunity to save on gas, especially in a private house, where there is always an opportunity to find something for recycling.

In order to supply gas to the burners, additionally providing them with automation, wood-burning boilers are often equipped with special nozzles or wicks. For these purposes, a simple atmospheric or ejector burner (with air suction) is suitable. At the same time, the entire boiler does not need to be redone, since the rest of it functions according to the same principle: fuel is burned in order to obtain thermal energy for heating the coolant.

Useful advice! Atmospheric-type gas burners are more suitable for old domestic equipment, since complete tightness in them cannot be achieved due to design specifics.

Equipment for automatic gorenje process in combined boilers can be purchased additionally if you need to convert a wood-burning furnace into a gas boiler. Some models of solid fuel boilers, including pyrolysis boilers, are equipped with a gas burner, the flame of which is necessary during ignition.

Ceramic burners are replacing ejector burners

Fan or inflatable burner with air injection

The furnace of some devices has a built-in fan (air blower). Its function is the forced supply of oxygen to the ignition chamber. In this case, the oxygen supply is forced, the volume is controlled automatically.

This is the need for closed-type chambers, where there is no free access to the air mixture, which creates conditions for a higher temperature of the gas burner. The lack of natural access is compensated with a simple fan-type device.

Such burners have their “pros” and “cons”. But they are not so universal, since it is necessary to use artificial injection, which requires additional energy consumption. An important advantage is that the fan devices are fully adapted to the automation of the boiler operation. In such models, a mixture of fuel and oxygen is obtained directly at the outlet.

Multiblock gas burners for heating rooms with air transportation by means of a fan have the following structure:

A turbocharged gas burner has a number of advantages over an atmospheric one

• fan relay that turns off the burner when the blade engine stops;
• pressure adjuster;
• block filter;
• burner off/on valve (when pressure changes);
• fuel consumption option;
• reducer;
• uninterruptible power supply (needed in case of a sudden power outage, but it is not in all devices).

Pay attention! Inflatable or fan burners are often part of the boiler room equipment with a fairly high automation threshold, which is necessary to avoid serious accidents.

The servo controls the position of the damper, so there is no need to adjust the burner and additionally monitor the operation of the boiler. The regulation of the portions of incoming oxygen required for full gorenje occurs automatically.

A significant disadvantage of this type of gas burner is the price due to the complex design of the product.

In case of a breakdown of the gas burner fan, it can be replaced or repaired

Gas burners are not suitable for “homemade”, especially when they want to remake a solid fuel boiler for a universal unit, and its heat exchanger requires good insulation. The burners here are energy-dependent, most often they are equipped with a backup power source.

General classification of gas burners by fuel type

Country houses cannot always be provided with natural gas supplied from a common highway. Therefore, the variability of burners in terms of using different types of fuel is provided. If the fuel comes from a gas main, propane-butane gas burners are most likely used for heating boilers.

Mainline gas-methane is the most affordable natural fuel for boilers. However, there is currently no great benefit in the price of liquefied natural gas (propanobutane mixture). The general heating provided by the main pipeline is also expensive.

Gas boilers operating on different types of fuel mixtures have approximately the same design. There is a slight difference in cost, but it is also insignificant (equipment for liquefied fuel will cost more). The burners themselves are slightly different, having different nozzles for liquid fuel and blue gas.

If natural gas is not supplied to the house, propane-butane gas burners are used

Propane burners require adjustment to this type of fuel with the installation of a jet. When gorenje flames give off a yellowish color, more soot accumulates in the chimney. The jet is responsible for the normalization of pressure.

Modern burners operate in a large temperature range – from -50 to +50 °C. Some of the equipment can be adapted for other types of energy carriers:

• used oil;
• diesel fuel;
• fuel oil;
• kerosene;
• propanobutane base;
• arctic diesel fuel.

Modern devices often include both types of injectors or universal equipment for fuel varieties, so they are easily reconfigured.

Attention! Some craftsmen offer gas burners for boilers with their own hands (for solid fuel equipment).

Homemade gas burners are most often used in solid fuel boilers

It is safer to purchase simple gas equipment adapted for gas in cylinders. Homemade equipment, though more affordable, is unsafe! Usually, “alterations” are carried out on the basis of old units.

Turbocharged types of gas burners and their design differences

Among modern gas equipment, many specialists prefer closed-type burners for turbocharged boilers. They are self-sufficient in terms of design, they assume the presence of a compact chimney, which can be taken even to general ventilation with autonomous heating.

A heating unit with a special combustion chamber of a closed type receives oxygen from the outside – through a special supply pipe (coaxial chimney). Approximately in the same way, combustion products are brought out. The heating equipment is controlled by means of a sufficiently powerful fan on automatic control.

It’s interesting! A coaxial chimney is a device created on the principle of “pipe in a pipe”. The turbocharged boiler can work even in a bunker or other airtight room without windows and a ventilation shaft.

Fan gas burners also have a disadvantage – this is the price due to the complex design of the product

Such a device is much more expensive than atmospheric heating equipment. However, for an additional fee, the buyer receives a number of advantages, including autonomous work in a residential area. This device, thanks to automatic control, is characterized by a high level of security,.

Turbocharged equipment has the highest efficiency and a flexible temperature scheme. Fuel burns almost completely, which is important for environmental indicators. Disadvantages are also noted, including structural complexity, which causes difficulties during installation and repair.

Gas burners for combined equipment are most often used in solid fuel boilers. This is a rather complex unit, so all nodes must meet certain efficiency and safety requirements. The automatic device is capable of switching from one type of fuel to another for uninterrupted heat supply. According to this principle, pellet and pyrolysis boilers are arranged, equipped with gas for burners, which drives the ignition process.

How to choose the right gas burner for a furnace or boiler

Gas equipment in case of improper operation is associated with a certain risk. It is necessary to correctly select the furnace gas burner (nodal parts), and for this you need to have a general idea of the design differences of the devices. When buying, it is important to know what types the product is divided into according to the method of burning fuel in the boiler:

Gas burners can also be used in solid fuel furnaces

• atmospheric burner;
• inflatable.

Not every manufacturer should be trusted, it is better to purchase from authorized dealers who provide certificates and all technical documentation. In case of purchase of substandard components or assemblies, there will be someone to make claims.

Gas-fired thermal equipment has different features, including the method of ignition and flame adjustment. When buying, experts recommend paying attention to the following indicators:

• heat generator power;
• exactingness to the quality of the gas mixture;
• possibility of automatic regulation;
• the authority of the company and the country of origin;
• the price-quality ratio.

Burners for floor boilers are offered in the following variants:

• atmospheric;
• supercharged,
• piezo;
• electronic.

To properly configure the gas burner, it is better to contact specialists

According to the power settings, you can select a burner:

• 1-step;
• 2-step;
• with a smooth transition;
• with automatic adjustment.

The flow of the gas mixture in different boilers is:

• direct-flow;
• twisted (more powerful).

The most popular are gas burners for boilers of German production (Buderus, Vaillant), Slovak (Protherm) and Italian (Lamborghini). Among the products manufactured by domestic companies, Lemarks, Vakula and Conord equipment have proven themselves well. Among the industrial devices are burners of the Impulse series.

The duration and productivity of any unit depends on the correct choice and proper operation. Gas equipment is purchased not according to the principle where it is “cheaper” or “more powerful”, but according to the available type of boiler.